Rapid Quantum Gas Formation through Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Cooling
Quantum gas is a novel, non-classical state of matter, alongside gas, liquid, solid, and plasma states. In recent years, quantum gases have played a crucial role in the development of quantum science and technology, with many breakthroughs relying on experimental advancements in quantum gas studies. The condition for a regular gas to transition into a quantum gas is when the de Broglie wavelength of individual atoms exceeds the atomic spacing, a transition that can be facilitated by cooling, which increases the wavelength of matter waves. Since Nobel laureates Prof. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman first experimentally observed quantum gases in 1995, their creation has largely depended on evaporative cooling, a process akin to cooling hot water by letting it evaporate at room temperature. However, this cooling method is inefficient and requires time for atomic collisions and thermalization to complete.